The SDG Index and Dashboards provides an annual assessment of SDG progress covering all 193 UN member states. This year's SDG Index incorporates 126 indicators, including 102 global indicators and 24 additional indicators for the OECD countries' dashboards. To align with the 2025 comprehensive review of SDG indicators, an indicator on "Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6 months to 23 months" has been incorporated into the dataset under SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). Other adjustments and modifications are described in the methods section. Although every UN member state has a country profile, only those with less than 20 percent missing data receive an SDG Index score and rank. This is to ensure the comparability of the results and to minimize missing data bias. This year, 167 countries are ranked in the SDG Index. This year's edition also introduces a "headline" SDG Index (SDGi), which focuses on 17 SDG indicators to evaluate progress made by countries and regions on the SDGs, while minimizing statistical biases due to missing time series data.
The SDG Index builds on a peer-reviewed, statistically audited, and transparent methodology (Schmidt-Traub et al. 2017; Lafortune et al. 2018; Papadimitriou, Neves, and Becker 2019). An online public consultation was held from April 4–11, 2025, with comments and suggestions collected from more than 50 organizations – including several National Statistical Offices (NSOs) – and 40 UN member states. The full database and methodological papers, as well as regional and local editions of the SDG Index and Dashboards, are available on the SDG Transformation Center website.
Status of SDG progress globally
Based on the rate of progress since they were adopted by the international community in 2015, none of the 17 SDGs will be achieved by 2030 (Figure 2.1). At the global level, SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) are particularly off track, facing major challenges (indicated in red on the dashboards) and showing no or very limited progress since 2015.
Figure 2.1 | World SDG Dashboard 2025
Source: Authors
Progress on SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) is also very limited, due in part to global failures to address persisting gaps in access to financing for developing countries and to stark disparities in countries' support for UN-based multilateralism (see Part 3). Detailed dashboards by world region, country grouping, and country are provided in the Annexes and country profiles.
Less than 20 percent of the SDG targets are on track to be achieved globally (16.7 percent). The five targets most on track are: Mobile use (SDG 9), Access to electricity (SDG 7), Internet use (SDG 9), Under 5 mortality rate (SDG 3) and Neonatal mortality (SDG 3). By contrast, most countries are either stagnating or backsliding on the following five targets: Obesity rate (SDG 2), Press Freedom Index (SDG 16), Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SDG 2), Red List Index (SDG 15) and Corruption Perception Index (SDG 16).
The spread In SDG performance across countries remains wide, with 2025 SDG Index scores ranging from over 80 in top-performing countries to below 50 in countries where SDG implementation is especially challenging, often due to various forms of conflict. As in previous editions, European countries, particularly the Nordic countries, top the 2025 SDG Index. Finland ranks first, followed by Sweden and Denmark. Finland also holds the top spot on the World Happiness Report rankings (Helliwell et al. 2025). However, even these countries face substantial challenges in achieving several SDGs, notably SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), partly driven by unsustainable consumption patterns and negative international spillover effects. Countries at the lower end of the Index tend to be affected by conflict, security issues, political or socioeconomic instability, and limited fiscal space. In the 2025 edition, Yemen, Somalia, Chad, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan rank at the bottom of the SDG Index.
Figure 2.2.a | The 2025 SDG Index Ranks and Scores
Note: Due to annual adjustments to the SDG Index dataset and revisions made by statistical custodian agencies to past data series, scores and ranks are not fully comparable across different editions of the SDR.
Source: Authors
Figure 2.2.b | The 2025 SDG Index Ranks and Scores
Note: Due to annual adjustments to the SDG Index dataset and revisions made by statistical custodian agencies to past data series, scores and ranks are not fully comparable across different editions of the SDR.
Source: Authors
SDG progress by region and country
The "headline" SDG Index (SDGi) measures overall country progress using 17 key indicators, one per SDG. This limited number of indicators aims to minimize statistical biases related to missing time series data across countries. Selection of these 17 indicators was based on three main criteria: (1) relevance, with most being official SDG indicators or close proxies produced by UN custodian agencies); (2) statistical criteria, namely the ability of the individual SDGi indicators and the headline aggregate to closely replicate the goal and SDG Index results through correlation analysis; and (3) data coverage across countries and over time. The cross-sectional correlation between the SDGi (17 indicators) and the SDG Index (102 indicators) is very high (even collinear), while the SDGi growth rate between 2015–2024 is also correlated with the growth rate of the full SDG Index over the same period. However, the SDGi growth rate is only moderately correlated with the growth rate of GDP over the same period. The 17 headline SDG indicators are listed below. Results were compiled for 143 countries, with those missing data for more than two SDGi indicators (12 percent) excluded for comparability purposes. Among those excluded, some face major challenges in implementing the SDGs or show major reversals in progress – including countries that are structurally vulnerable or affected by conflict. A detailed statistical annex is accessible online.
Table 2.1 | The 17 headline indicators used to measure overall country progress on the SDGs, 2015–2024 (or closest available year)
Source: Authors
Countries that started with higher SDG baselines in 2015 have generally progressed more slowly than those with lower baselines, although results vary across regions and country groupings. The OECD countries and HICs began with the highest SDG baselines, primarily driven by better performance on socioeconomic goals, however these countries have generally shown limited progress on the SDGi since 2015. By contrast, countries in East and South Asia, the BRICS+ nations, and LMICs, which all started with lower baselines in 2015, have progressed more rapidly. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, despite initial baselines comparable to those of the BRICS and countries in East and South Asia, have progressed much more slowly on the SDGs. And although countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and low-income countries (LICs) started off with the lowest 2015 baselines, other regions with higher baselines have progressed faster. Factors such as various forms of conflicts, structural vulnerabilities, weak institutional leadership, and limited fiscal space may explain disparities in SDG progress since 2015.
At the same time, the regional and income-group aggregates hide significant disparities in SDG progress across countries. Globally, Benin, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire, Eswatini, and Uzbekistan have progressed the fastest on the SDGi since 2015. By contrast, Afghanistan, Algeria, the Syrian Arab Republic, Venezuela, and Yemen have stagnated or experienced reversals in progress (Figure 2.4.a). Compared with their regional peers, Benin, Nepal, Peru, the United Arab Emirates, and Uzbekistan have showed the fastest progression (Figure 2.4.b.). Costa Rica has progressed the fastest among OECD countries, whereas Saudi Arabia has progressed the fastest of the G20 countries (Figure 2.4.c).
Figure 2.3 | SDG Index Baseline versus progress, by various country classifications, 2015-2024
Source: Authors
Figure 2.4.a | Countries with the most and the least progress on the SDGi, 2015–2024 (in parenthesis 2025 SDG Index rank)
Figure 2.4.b | Top 5 countries showcasing the fastest SDGi progress, by world regions, 2015-2024 (in parenthesis 2025 SDG Index rank)
Figure 2.4.c | Top 5 countries showcasing the fastest SDGi progress, by income groups, OECD & G20, 2015–2024 (in parenthesis 2025 SDG Index rank)
Note: Detailed data accessible online and in individual country profiles. Some countries facing conflict that might have experienced a sharp decline in SDG performance may not be included in the SDGi due to outdated and/or missing data. Due to missing data many Small Island Developing States (SIDS) could not be included. Total number of observations (N)=143. *G20 average: Includes the 19 individual countries but excludes averages for the EU and AU.
Source: Authors
In most cases, rapid progress has primarily been driven by improvements on socioeconomic SDG indicators – especially the share of women parliamentarians (SDG 5) and rates of electrification (SDG 7), of adults with a bank account in a financial institution (SDG 8), and internet use (SDG 9) – and by progress on statistical performance (SDG 17), and less by significant breakthroughs on environmental goals.
To dive deeper into the drivers of SDG progress and to better understand persisting disparities within regions and countries, the SDSN has published multiple continental and subnational editions of the SDG Index that look at specific policy and financing priorities across regions and at multiple territorial levels (Box 1). This work increasingly builds on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Earth Observation (EO) technologies that support the development of timely and granular investment, policy, and monitoring frameworks for the SDGs at all levels (Box 2).
Box 1. A decade of SDG Index and Dashboards: global, regional, national, and subnational editions
The global edition of the SDG Index and Dashboards highlights SDG trends and challenges across all countries. More detailed regional, national, and subnational SDG Indices and analyses have also been prepared by the SDSN and its local networks. These editions contextualize the indicator sets and policy discussions to mobilize stakeholders at various levels. For instance, the Europe edition (released annually since 2019) is prepared in cooperation with the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) – including representatives from trade unions, business associations and NGOs – and its findings are presented and discussed with European leadership and institutions (Lafortune et al. 2024; Lafortune and Fuller 2025). The SDSN has also worked with numerous regional and local partners in the Arab region, in SIDS countries, and in countries including Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Italy, Paraguay, Spain, the United States, and Uruguay to advance SDG monitoring and connect statistical analyses with long-term budgeting and policy frameworks. The resulting editions benefit from local expertise, often provided by SDSN networks hosted in universities and research centers, and from large-scale consultations and discussions both before and after assessments are performed. Increasingly, they also leverage GIS-technologies to provide more granular analyses. These have been referenced multiple times in Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs). In Europe, the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) listed the SDG Index and Dashboards as one of the most useful for policymaking (EPRS 2021).
Figure 2.5 | A decade of SDG Index and Dashboards: global, regional, national, and subnational editions
Source: Authors. Accessible online here: https://sdgtransformationcenter.org/sdgindex
Box 2. The SDG Index and Geographic Information Systems
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Earth Observation (EO) technologies are crucial for SDG monitoring and spatial analysis (United Nations, 2021). A recent paper published by the InterAgency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (IAEG-SDGs), with contributions from the SDSN's SDG Transformation Center, contains an updated shortlist of SDG indicators that directly or indirectly require geospatial data or tools — approximately 20 percent of all SDG indicators (United Nations 2025). The need to disaggregate SDG indicator data by geographic location is also recognized by the United Nations, as this speaks to the "leave no one behind" principle of the 2030 Agenda, while data insights at a sub-national level help policymakers tailor their interventions to specific contexts. Preliminary research using high-resolution satellite imagery estimates that around 40 percent of the world's population might be assigned to a different SDG Index quintile than that of their aggregated national SDG Index estimate, which suggests significant and persistent territorial disparities in SDG performance within countries (Iablonovski 2024).
At the SDSN, the SDG Transformation Center and SDGs Today programs leverage GIS technologies to provide granular and timely assessments of SDG challenges and progress. Over the past three editions, of the global SDR, as well as through bilateral collaborative initiatives, the SDG Transformation Center has introduced new, innovative geospatial indicators for the SDGs, building notably on a longterm partnership with the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) and other partners. These geospatial indicators address critical data gaps and provide annual insights into the state of a set of SDG indicators at both national and local levels, utilizing open global datasets and cloud computing methods.
• SDG indicator 9.1.1, the Rural Access Index (RAI) considers the proportion of the rural population living within two kilometers of an all-season road. The SDR presents, to date, the only publicly available application of the World Bank's latest methodology at a global scale (Iablonovski et al. 2024; Workman and McPherson 2019). The particular challenge of this indicator's calculation lies in assessing whether a road provides all-season access, approximated through data on precipitation, slope, and spatialized GDP per capita. The method used in the SDR was leveraged by the World Bank (the custodian agency for this indicator) for its Score Card platform (World Bank Group 2025).
• SDG indicator 11.2.1, Urban Access to Public Transportation measures pedestrian accessibility, or the extent to which the built environment facilitates walking access to destinations of interest. Through network analysis, data on pedestrian infrastructure, geographically allocated places of interest, and population distribution are used to calculate the time a person would take to walk to the closest amenity. The expanded methodology covers additional key services (healthcare services, education facilities, food choices, and open public spaces) to fully assess urban pedestrian accessibility.
These and other indicators, such as SDG 11.3.1 (Land Use Efficiency) and yearly CO2 emissions from anthropogenic land-use change, by main driver (2014–2023), are published on the SDG Transformation Center website and available to download. Leveraging GIS and EO technologies to inform long-term investment and policy pathways for the SDGs at all levels will remain a key focus of research at the SDSN and SDG Transformation Center in the coming years.
Source: Authors, based on https://sdgtransformationcenter.org/geospatial
International spillovers and exposure to supply-chain disruptions
The SDGs are a global responsibility. As such, their domestic implementation should not compromise the ability of other countries to achieve them (Schmidt-Traub, Hoff, and Bernlöhr 2019; Lafortune et al. 2021; Gómez-Paredes, Malik, and Lafortune 2025). Via unsustainable consumption, the export of toxic waste, illicit trade, unfair tax competition, tax havens and, more generally, poor implementation of SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals – including support for UN-based multilateralism), countries can, however, generate negative international spillovers. These spillovers are incorporated in the SDG Index and also compiled separately as part of the "International Spillover Index". Positive spillovers (or "handprints") are also considered, such as the provision of Official Development Assistance (ODA). This year's edition includes 16 spillover indicators.
Overall, rich countries outperform other country groupings on overall SDG performance and life satisfaction, but they have also outsourced numerous negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts abroad (Figure 2.6). Additional details on our conceptual framework, as well as policy and data work on international spillovers, have been presented in previous editions and are available on the SDG Transformation Center website (Malik et al. 2021; 2023; 2024; Ishii et al. 2024; Fuller and Bermont-Diaz 2024).
Figure 2.6 | SDG Index scores versus International Spillover Index scores, 2025
Note: More details on the indicators used to compile the International Spillover Index are accessible in the methods' summary. Averages are population-weighted.
Source: Authors
In addition to monitoring the potential impact policies may have on other countries, a growing body of research focuses on countries' exposure to and vulnerability to disruptions in international supply chains. These disruptions can result from accelerated climate change and natural disasters, geopolitical events, AAa unilateral policies, or other events (Koks et al. 2016; Koks and Thissen 2016; Koks et al. 2019; Fahr, Vismara, and Senner 2024). This is becoming an important area of work at the SDSN, to promote resilience and concerted action for a sustainable international trade system.
Annex: SDG Dashboard by Regions
Figure 2.7 | 2025 SDG dashboards by region and income group (levels and trends)
Note: Excluding OECD specific indicators. Population-weighted averages.
Source: Authors
Figure 2.8 | 2025 SDG dashboards for OECD countries (levels and trends)
Source: Authors
Figure 2.9 | 2025 SDG dashboards for East and South Asia (levels and trends)
Source: Authors
Figure 2.10 | 2025 SDG dashboards for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (levels and trends)
Note: *The data for Ukraine, and other countries impacted by military conflicts, may be outdated.
Source: Authors
Figure 2.11 | 2025 SDG dashboards for Latin America and the Caribbean (levels and trends)
Source: Authors
Figure 2.12 | 2025 SDG dashboards for the Middle East and North Africa (levels and trends)
Source: Authors
Figure 2.13 | 2025 SDG dashboards for Oceania (levels and trends)
Source: Authors
Figure 2.14 | 2025 SDG dashboards for sub-Saharan Africa (levels and trends)
Source: Authors
Figure 2.15 | 2025 SDG dashboards for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (levels and trends)
Source: Authors
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The Sustainable Development Report (formerly the SDG Index & Dashboards) is a global assessment of countries' progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. It is a complement to the official SDG indicators and the voluntary national reviews.
All data presented on this website are based on the publication Sachs, J.D., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., Iablonovski, G. (2025). Financing Sustainable Development to 2030 and Mid-Century. Sustainable Development Report 2025. Paris: SDSN, Dublin: Dublin University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25546/111909
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